Laryngeal Paralysis in Dogs: Symptoms, Causes, Breeds at Risk, and Treatment Options
Laryngeal paralysis is a serious and often misunderstood condition that affects a dog’s ability to breathe normally. While it’s more common in older dogs, it can also impact younger animals, especially those with specific genetic predispositions. If you're a dog parent or caregiver, recognizing the signs early and understanding the treatment options available can make a meaningful difference in your pet’s quality of life.
This guide will explain what laryngeal paralysis is, why it happens, which breeds are more prone to it, and how it can be managed.
What is laryngeal paralysis in dogs?
Laryngeal paralysis happens when the muscles that control the larynx, or voice box, stop working properly. Normally, when a dog breathes in, the larynx opens to let air into the windpipe. In dogs with laryngeal paralysis, the larynx fails to open, or only opens partially. This can make it hard for the dog to get enough air, especially during exercise or in hot weather.
There are two main types:
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Congenital laryngeal paralysis: Present at birth, typically caused by a genetic issue.
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Acquired laryngeal paralysis: Develops later in life, often due to nerve or muscle degeneration, trauma, or other underlying health problems.
Regardless of the type, early diagnosis and careful management can help reduce complications.
What are the signs and symptoms of laryngeal paralysis in dogs?
The symptoms of laryngeal paralysis are usually related to the dog's ability to breathe, bark, and handle physical activity. Here are the most common signs to look for:
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Noisy or raspy breathing, especially when inhaling
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Voice changes, such as a hoarse or weaker bark
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Coughing, especially after drinking or eating
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Exercise intolerance, even during short walks
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Gagging or retching
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Panting more than usual, even when resting
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Obvious distress in hot or humid conditions
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Collapse, in severe cases, due to oxygen shortage
These symptoms tend to come on gradually, although they may suddenly become worse, especially in stressful or warm environments.
What causes laryngeal paralysis in dogs?
There isn’t always a single cause, but several conditions and factors are associated with laryngeal paralysis:
Idiopathic neuropathy
The most common cause, especially in older dogs, is idiopathic degeneration of the nerves that control the larynx. This means the nerves weaken over time for unknown reasons, although it's believed to be linked to aging.
Trauma or injury
Surgery near the neck area, accidental trauma, or a previous collar injury can damage the nerves leading to laryngeal dysfunction.
Hypothyroidism
This hormonal disorder, where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, has been associated with laryngeal paralysis in some dogs.
Generalized neurological diseases
Conditions like polyneuropathy can impact multiple nerves in the body, including those that control the larynx. Dogs may also show weakness in their legs or have trouble standing or walking.
Tumors or masses
Tumors in the neck or chest area can compress nerves or structures connected to the larynx, resulting in paralysis.
What breeds are more likely to develop laryngeal paralysis?
Laryngeal paralysis can occur in any breed, but certain breeds are more commonly affected. These include:
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Labrador Retrievers (especially older males)
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Golden Retrievers
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Saint Bernards
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Newfoundlands
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Irish Setters
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Siberian Huskies
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Bull Terriers
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Great Danes
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Dalmatians
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Bouvier des Flandres
Some breeds, like the Leonberger and Rottweiler, may inherit the congenital form of the condition. Always speak with your veterinarian if your dog belongs to a high-risk breed and starts showing early signs.
How is laryngeal paralysis diagnosed?
Your veterinarian will start with a physical examination and a detailed history of your dog's symptoms. Diagnosis typically involves:
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Sedated laryngeal exam: The dog is lightly sedated so the vet can watch the larynx move during breathing.
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Chest X-rays: Used to rule out masses, aspiration pneumonia, or megaesophagus.
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Thyroid function tests: These check for underlying hypothyroidism.
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Neurological exam: If generalized nerve dysfunction is suspected.
Accurate diagnosis is essential before moving forward with any treatment plan.
What treatment options are available for laryngeal paralysis?
Treatment will depend on how advanced the condition is and whether there are other health issues involved. Management typically falls into two categories: conservative care and surgery.
Conservative management
For dogs with mild symptoms or those who are not good candidates for surgery, the following steps can help:
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Weight management: Keeping your dog lean reduces breathing strain.
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Avoiding heat and stress: Minimize exercise in warm weather and reduce anxiety-inducing situations.
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Using a harness: Replace collars with no-pull harnesses to avoid pressure on the neck.
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Anti-inflammatory medications: May help reduce airway swelling.
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Sedatives: Can be prescribed to help calm the dog and prevent panic-induced breathing difficulty.
Surgical treatment
The most common surgery is the unilateral arytenoid lateralization, often referred to as a “tie-back” procedure. In this surgery, one side of the larynx is permanently pulled open to improve airflow.
While the procedure significantly improves breathing, it does come with risks:
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Aspiration pneumonia, due to food or water entering the airway
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Coughing while eating or drinking
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Surgical complications, especially in older dogs with other health concerns
It’s critical to work with a board-certified veterinary surgeon who has experience performing this procedure.
How can mobility support help dogs with laryngeal paralysis?
Laryngeal paralysis is sometimes part of a larger neurological issue affecting multiple nerves, including those in the hind limbs. This condition, known as Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy (GOLPP), can lead to progressive weakness in the rear legs.
Dogs with GOLPP often need help staying mobile. This is where canine mobility aids, like a Walkin’ Wheels dog wheelchair, can make a measurable difference. Designed to support the rear or full body, these wheelchairs allow dogs to:
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Stay active and reduce muscle loss
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Continue going for walks and relieving themselves independently
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Avoid pressure sores from dragging their limbs
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Improve overall quality of life, even as the condition progresses
Using a wheelchair doesn’t mean giving up. In fact, it’s often the reason dogs with GOLPP or advanced laryngeal paralysis stay happy and mobile longer than expected.
What should dog owners do after diagnosis?
Once a dog is diagnosed, the most important thing is to stay proactive. Here are the next steps you should consider:
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Work closely with your veterinarian to decide on the best management or surgical plan.
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Make your home safer by limiting stairs and using rugs to prevent slipping.
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Monitor breathing and eating habits daily for changes.
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Keep a journal of symptoms to track progression.
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Plan ahead for emergencies, especially during summer or high-exertion activities.
If hind limb weakness appears, ask your veterinarian whether it may be part of a broader neuropathy. Early use of mobility support like a wheelchair can extend independence and comfort for your dog.
Final thoughts every dog owner should know
Laryngeal paralysis is not a death sentence. With the right care, many dogs go on to live fulfilling lives. Understanding the symptoms and causes is the first step. Prompt veterinary attention and appropriate treatment, whether that means surgery, lifestyle changes, or mobility support, can significantly improve outcomes.
If your dog is starting to show signs of breathing difficulty or struggling to keep up on walks, don’t wait. Talk to your vet and consider all supportive tools available. Solutions like the Walkin’ Wheels dog wheelchair are designed not only for mobility but also for dignity. When used at the right time, they give your dog the freedom to keep doing what they love.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the life expectancy of a dog with laryngeal paralysis?
Dogs diagnosed with laryngeal paralysis can live several more years with proper care. The exact life expectancy depends on the dog’s age, overall health, severity of the condition, and whether it’s associated with a broader neurological issue like GOLPP (Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy). Many dogs do well with medical management alone, while others benefit from surgery. If the condition is diagnosed early and treated appropriately, quality of life can remain high. Monitoring for progression and providing support, such as a dog wheelchair for mobility issues, can help extend both comfort and longevity.
Can laryngeal paralysis in dogs be reversed or cured?
Laryngeal paralysis cannot be fully reversed, but it can be managed effectively. Since the condition often involves permanent nerve damage, the goal of treatment is to improve breathing, reduce stress on the body, and maintain mobility. Surgical intervention, such as the tie-back procedure, is considered the most effective option for long-term symptom relief. However, even without surgery, lifestyle changes and supportive care can make a meaningful difference. Early diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan are essential to managing the condition well.
How can I help my dog breathe better with laryngeal paralysis?
To help a dog breathe better with laryngeal paralysis, reduce physical exertion, avoid heat, and keep your dog at a healthy weight. Always use a no-pull harness instead of a collar to prevent added pressure on the neck. In more severe cases, your vet may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications or sedatives to ease breathing. For long-term improvement, surgery may be recommended. Regular observation of your dog’s breathing patterns is important so you can catch any sudden changes and act quickly.
What is GOLPP, and how is it related to laryngeal paralysis in dogs?
GOLPP stands for Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy. It is a progressive condition that not only affects the larynx but also impacts nerves throughout the body. Dogs with GOLPP typically develop signs of rear leg weakness, coordination issues, and reduced mobility in addition to noisy breathing. This condition is most common in older large-breed dogs, especially Labradors. Since GOLPP progresses over time, early mobility support like dog wheelchairs can help maintain independence and comfort as symptoms worsen.
Should my dog with laryngeal paralysis have surgery?
Surgery for laryngeal paralysis, typically the tie-back procedure, is often recommended for dogs with moderate to severe breathing difficulties. It can significantly improve airflow and reduce the risk of collapse. However, not all dogs are ideal candidates, especially if they have other health conditions or are very old. Your veterinarian will assess the risks and benefits based on your dog’s specific case. For some, non-surgical management may be safer and still effective. Always ask about the long-term care required after surgery, including monitoring for aspiration pneumonia.
What are the risks of the tie-back surgery for dogs with laryngeal paralysis?
The main risk of the tie-back surgery is aspiration pneumonia, which can occur if food or water enters the lungs due to the permanently open airway. Other risks include surgical complications, coughing during eating or drinking, and the need for long-term lifestyle adjustments. Despite these risks, many dogs experience significant improvement in breathing and energy levels after surgery. Proper feeding techniques and close post-op monitoring can help reduce complications. Discuss all pros and cons with a veterinary surgeon before deciding.
Can laryngeal paralysis affect a dog’s mobility?
Yes, especially in dogs with GOLPP, where the condition extends beyond the larynx to impact other nerves. Many affected dogs begin to show signs of hind limb weakness, wobbling, or difficulty standing and walking. This mobility decline is progressive and requires ongoing management. Supportive solutions like rear-support dog wheelchairs can be very helpful. They give dogs the ability to stay active, go on walks, and maintain muscle strength, which slows down further decline and improves their overall quality of life.
What kind of lifestyle changes are needed for a dog with laryngeal paralysis?
Dogs with laryngeal paralysis benefit from a calm, low-stress environment. Avoid hot or humid conditions, keep physical activity light, and always use a harness instead of a collar. Maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on the respiratory system. Soft or elevated food bowls may make eating easier. For dogs with mobility issues, ramps and non-slip flooring are useful. If hind limb weakness appears, consider mobility aids like the Walkin’ Wheels wheelchair to help your dog stay active and independent.
How can I tell if my dog’s laryngeal paralysis is getting worse?
Worsening symptoms include louder or more labored breathing, increased coughing, especially after drinking, exercise intolerance, heat sensitivity, and episodes of collapse. In cases linked to GOLPP, you might also notice unsteadiness in the hind legs, dragging feet, or difficulty rising. Keep a daily log of your dog’s behavior, breathing patterns, and activity level. If you see any changes or signs of distress, contact your vet immediately. Timely adjustments to treatment can prevent serious complications.
Is laryngeal paralysis painful for dogs?
Laryngeal paralysis is not typically painful, but it can cause significant discomfort and anxiety due to breathing difficulties. Dogs may become distressed during exercise or in warm weather when they can’t get enough air. This can lead to panic, which worsens the situation. Managing environmental factors, avoiding overexertion, and considering treatments like surgery or supportive devices can greatly improve comfort. If your dog seems stressed or agitated, consult your vet for ways to make them more at ease.