Which Dog Breeds Are Most at Risk for IVDD?
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is one of the most common spinal conditions in dogs, especially among certain breeds with distinct physical features. If you’re a dog parent, breeder, vet tech, or animal care specialist, knowing which breeds are genetically more prone to IVDD can help you spot early signs and take proactive steps to manage the condition.
This guide will break down which breeds are most at risk, why they are vulnerable, and how IVDD impacts mobility and quality of life. We'll also cover supportive care options, including mobility tools like dog wheelchairs, to help affected pets live more comfortably and independently.
What is IVDD and how does it affect dogs?
IVDD is a spinal condition caused by degeneration of the discs between the vertebrae. These discs function as cushions, absorbing shock and helping with flexibility. When they degenerate or herniate, they can press against the spinal cord, leading to pain, nerve damage, and sometimes paralysis.
There are two main types:
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Type I IVDD involves sudden disc rupture and is more common in chondrodystrophic breeds (those with shorter legs and longer backs).
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Type II IVDD progresses more slowly and is typically seen in larger, older dogs.
Symptoms range from back pain and difficulty walking to complete paralysis of the hind limbs. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are critical.
Why are some dog breeds more prone to IVDD?
Some breeds are genetically predisposed to IVDD due to their body structure and inherited cartilage development. Specifically, dogs with chondrodystrophy have a mutation affecting cartilage growth. This condition alters the structure of their spine and intervertebral discs, making disc herniation more likely.
In these dogs, disc degeneration can start as early as one year of age. That’s why understanding the risks tied to breed is key for early intervention.
Which dog breeds are at the highest risk for IVDD?
1. Dachshunds
Dachshunds are the most well-known breed affected by IVDD. Around 25% of Dachshunds will develop IVDD in their lifetime.
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Their long spine and short legs place unusual strain on their back.
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Most cases are Type I IVDD and occur between ages 3 and 7.
Dachshunds benefit greatly from routine spine checks, weight management, and activity limitations, especially around jumping or stair use.
2. French Bulldogs
French Bulldogs are increasingly being diagnosed with IVDD. Although they’re not traditionally chondrodystrophic, their body structure puts them at risk.
Cases often involve neck discs (cervical IVDD), causing front limb weakness or neck pain. Many owners don’t notice early signs until the dog struggles to walk or refuses to move.
Due to their compact frame, Frenchies can have trouble adapting to post-surgical recovery without assistance.
3. Beagles
Beagles are a medium-risk breed. Their active nature combined with a mildly elongated spine can increase the likelihood of disc problems as they age.
Most Beagles experience Type II IVDD. Symptoms often appear gradually and may be mistaken for general aging or stiffness.
IVDD in Beagles typically starts in middle to old age, often requiring a combination of medical and supportive mobility treatments.
4. Corgis
Corgis, including both Pembroke Welsh Corgis and Cardigan Welsh Corgis, are at increased risk for IVDD due to their chondrodystrophic features. Their long backs, short legs, and compact frames place constant mechanical stress on the spine.
Most Corgis experience Type I IVDD, often presenting suddenly and requiring immediate care. Symptoms can include back pain, dragging of the hind legs, unsteady walking, and resistance to movement.
Corgis are active and agile, but that energy combined with their body structure can lead to spinal disc injury even from minor jumping or twisting motions. Keeping Corgis from climbing stairs or jumping off furniture is one of the most effective ways to help prevent disc damage.
5. Cocker Spaniels
Cocker Spaniels are another breed prone to Type I IVDD, especially between the ages of 3 and 6.
Early signs of IVDD in Cocker Spaniels include reluctance to jump, mild hind limb weakness, or signs of back pain. Their feathered coats can sometimes hide physical signs, so regular physical exams are important.
6. Shih Tzus and Lhasa Apsos
These breeds are similar in structure, both being small dogs with relatively long backs.
They often experience cervical IVDD. Symptoms may include sudden yelping, rigid neck posture, and reluctance to eat or move the head.
Shih Tzus in particular benefit from limited jumping and soft bedding to protect their spine.
7. Pekingese
Pekingese have a compact body and short legs, which makes them vulnerable to spinal issues.
They commonly suffer from disc herniations in the middle to lower back. Their thick coats can hide muscle weakness or coordination issues, so gait changes should always be taken seriously.
8. Miniature and Toy Poodles
While not as high-risk as Dachshunds, Miniature and Toy Poodles do have some genetic predisposition to IVDD.
Cases often appear later in life. Many are mistaken for arthritis, but neurologic exams and imaging can help confirm IVDD.
Are large breed dogs at risk for IVDD?
While IVDD is more common in small to medium breeds, some large dogs are also affected, particularly with Type II IVDD. These include:
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Labrador Retrievers
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German Shepherds
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Doberman Pinschers
Large breeds typically show slower-developing symptoms such as hind limb weakness, coordination issues, and difficulty standing after rest. In these breeds, disc degeneration happens over time and is often linked with other spinal conditions.
How is IVDD diagnosed in at-risk breeds?
Early diagnosis of IVDD starts with recognizing symptoms, especially in high-risk breeds. Vets usually perform a physical and neurological exam followed by imaging, such as:
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X-rays, which may show narrowing of disc spaces
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MRI or CT scans, which are needed to confirm disc herniation or spinal cord compression
The earlier IVDD is caught, the more treatment options are available, including conservative care, surgery, and mobility support tools.
What are the best ways to support dogs living with IVDD?
Managing IVDD depends on the severity of symptoms. Some dogs may recover with crate rest and medication. Others may need surgery followed by long-term physical therapy.
Dogs who lose mobility, especially in their back legs, can regain independence through supportive gear.
How dog wheelchairs can help
Dog wheelchairs play a major role in improving mobility for dogs with partial or full hind limb paralysis.
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They reduce strain on the spine while keeping dogs active.
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They prevent pressure sores by keeping the body upright and balanced.
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Walkin’ Pets dog wheelchairs are designed to fit breeds of all sizes, including long-bodied dogs like Dachshunds or Frenchies.
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Adjustable frames accommodate changes in weight, height, and strength during recovery or progression.
Many IVDD-affected dogs live full, happy lives when given the chance to move safely and comfortably.
Can IVDD be prevented in high-risk breeds?
You can’t fully prevent IVDD in genetically predisposed breeds, but you can reduce the risk of injury or worsening symptoms through simple lifestyle habits.
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Keep your dog at a healthy weight to minimize pressure on the spine.
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Avoid activities that strain the back, such as jumping on furniture or climbing stairs.
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Use harnesses that support the chest and shoulders, rather than pulling at the neck.
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Create a supportive environment with soft bedding, ramps, and non-slip floors.
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Schedule regular checkups, especially as your dog reaches middle age.
For dogs with prior episodes of IVDD, continued use of assistive tools like harnesses or wheelchairs can be key to maintaining their quality of life.
Helping your dog live fully with IVDD
IVDD doesn’t have to limit your dog’s happiness. Understanding the risks by breed, watching for signs, and acting quickly can make a big difference in outcomes.
If your dog is among those more likely to develop IVDD, having a plan in place can make recovery easier. Tools like Walkin’ Pets dog wheelchairs provide the freedom and support dogs need to stay active, even when facing mobility challenges.
With the right care, even dogs with severe IVDD can enjoy many good years ahead. Staying informed and prepared is the best way to protect your pet’s health and independence.